Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology.

Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology.

This paper discusses the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, we present the major types of observational designs used in env...

Principles of Study Design in Environmental Epidemiology.d..

This paper discusses the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of populationbased research, we present the major types of observational designs used in envi...

CONSIDERATION OF DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION PRINCIPLES IN SHIP HULL DESIGN

In designing for ship production, the production method should be considered and it’s possible to reduce the manufacturing cost in designing procedure. A review of background of ship design that had minimized production costs, shows the principles and problems of these methods. Modern designing methods for manufacturing, considers hydrodynamic efficiency and less manufacturing cost. Quant...

Improving Environmental Design Using TRIZ Inventive Principles

This paper describes design principles that were extracted from the profiles of products redesigned to be more environmentally benign. These extracted principles will be used to support the work of creating a Design for Environment (DfE) methodology called ENVRIZ that provides product designers with a procedure for creating more environmentally benign products and overcoming environmental contr...

Environmental epidemiology: An introduction